Building Permits
Before construction can begin, it’s essential to obtain the necessary permits. These permits cover a wide range of aspects, including zoning regulations and land contour adjustments (such as reshaping the land to accommodate the house and driveway), approvals for septic systems, electrical installations, and plumbing work. Once the builder secures the permits, the actual physical construction phase can commence.
Site Preparation
House lots are not ready to be built on as is, especially in developing communities. Steps need to be taken so a home site is suitable for construction. In wooded areas, a construction crew equipped with heavy machinery like bulldozers and backhoes is tasked with clearing the site of trees, underbrush, and rocks. Once the site is free from obstructions, the terrain will be manipulated, which may involve adding or redistributing dirt to establish a stable pad site. This process not only prepares a level surface for construction, it also allows for strategic grading to channel water away from the home and control its drainage direction.
Foundation
After the construction crew has leveled the new home site, wood boards are carefully positioned to serve as a template for the foundation. Pipes are laid for plumbing with vertically protruding “stubs” sticking up at locations specified by the floor plan for where fixtures will be attached. To enhance structural integrity rebar is integrated, reinforcing the foundation for any shifting that may occur. The concrete is poured, at which construction is at a standstill until it sets. In regions with warm climates like Texas, slab-on-grade foundations are prevalent and the most popular choice. Once the curing process is complete, an inspector will come to evaluate the work that has taken place in this phase of the new home building process.
Framing
Assembly of the floor system, erection of walls, and the roof structure are established and often referred to as the house’s “bones.” Plywood is applied to the newly constructed house frame and roof. Then, the house is wrapped in cheating material to create a moisture barrier that aids in preventing issues such as mold growth and wood rot. Additionally, exterior doors and windows are installed to fortify the building envelope.
Roofing, Plumbing, Electrical, and HVAC
During this phase of the new home construction process, subcontractors are enlisted to handle specific tasks in the specialized areas of work. This includes roofing, electrical work, plumbing, and HVAC installation, all of which can be installed simultaneously. The plumber and electrician can start running pipes and wires through the walls, attic space, and floor. Rough-in plumbing to the different fixtures is installed. Rough-in plumbing to the different fixtures is installed. The larger applications like tub/shower units are installed as it is easier to maneuver around. Once an impermeable material is applied to the roofing plywood, the house is considered “dried in.” At this time, an electrician can install receptacles and attach them to the breaker box, providing power to the home. More inspections are conducted to verify that construction up to this point is in compliance with current building codes for new homes.
Insulation
The most common types of insulation used in newly constructed homes are fiberglass, cellulose, and foam. Fiberglass and cellulose material can be applied by blanket insulation, which comes in batts or rolls or loose-fill and blown-in insulation methods. Foam is a liquid substrate sprayed, injected, or poured and foams in place. Insulation is a major factor contributing to how energy efficient a home is. The R-value indicates the thermal performance, measuring how efficiently the material resists heat transfer. Even though foam insulation costs more than the others, it also has twice the R-value rating, making it a valuable investment for energy-conscious homeowners.
Drywall
The drywall is hung, taped, and floated. “Orange Peel” is the most common type of drywall texture applied. However, there are other options depending on the type of overall style that is trying to be achieved.
Exterior Finishes
Brick, stone, stucco, and siding can now be applied. Many new construction homes display a combination of these materials along with color variations to create more curb appeal. Utilizing a diverse range of materials can serve multiple purposes. For instance, in the year 2020, when there was a shortage of construction materials, builders had to resort to painting brick because it didn’t match or siding as an alternative solution to complete houses due to the limited inventory. Additionally, siding is a more cost-effective choice compared to brick and stone, which is why some homes feature siding on their sides and back, offering a practical and budget-friendly solution.
Interior Finishes
The sequence of applying interior finishes is carefully orchestrated to safeguard the integrity of the remaining components. Interior doors, window sills, decorative trim, stair balusters, fireplace, and cabinets are installed. Typically, large areas that will be painted are tackled during this phase. Many contractors turn to spraying the paint to reduce time and product waste. Following, the installation of hard surface flooring and countertops is executed,eliminating the need for protective tape, and minimizing the risk of paint spillage. As these elements come together, the house undergoes a remarkable transformation, with the floor plan truly taking shape. HVAC equipment and water heating system are installed and duly registered. Plumbing fixtures such as sinks, toilets, and faucets are put in place and connected. A thorough site cleanup takes place in preparation for the final finishes, including mirrors, shower doors, carpeting, and hardware.
Final Inspection
To ensure compliance with building codes, a comprehensive final home inspection is carried out by a building code official, who issues a certificate of occupancy upon a successful assessment. In cases where deficiencies are identified, a follow-up inspection will take place to verify corrections were made.
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